The agriculture sector plays a prominent role in fostering world economic revenue. Most importantly this sector also paves a new route for reshaping a healthier world. Rising trends towards health-conscious eating habits have evoked the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables as an available option for better, healthier and smarter solutions that meet modern lifestyle […]

Lubricants are used to reduce friction, wear and heat between contacting surfaces in relative motion (Bart et al., 2013a). They can be classified based on physical appearance, i.e. solid, liquid or semi-solid. Liquid lubricants can be derived from petroleum, vegetable, animal or synthetic oils. Grease is a semi-solid material in which the liquid fraction is […]

The 3-monochloropropane-1,2- diol esters (3-MCPDE) is one of the food contaminants which develop when oils and fats undergo the refining process at high temperatures. The 3-MCPDE was first detected in 2006 in various edible oils and fats (Zelinkova et al., 2006). In crude or unrefined fats and oils, there is virtually no trace of 3-MCPDE, […]

The fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineesis) yields the oil called red palm oil (RPO). Oil palm is a perennial crop which produces the highest oil yield per hectare per year compared with other leading oilseed crops (Mielke, 2014). Currently, Malaysia and Indonesia are the leading producers of palm oil (Burri, 2012). The oil […]

Palm oil is the most traded oil in the world due to its demand and versatility in both food and non-food (e.g. oleochemicals and biofuels) applications. Malaysia is the second largest producer of palm oil in the world and the oil palm industry contributed RM 67.6 billion in 2016 in export earnings. It is important […]

Pesticide formulations typically consist of active ingredients responsible for the pesticidal effect and inert ingredients responsible for improving product performance, stability and usability. Examples of inert ingredients include carrier solvents, emulsifiers, stabilisers, fragrances and dyes. The majority of pesticides are in the form of dry and liquid formulations. Examples of the former include dusts, granules, […]