Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation or REDD is an initiative formulated to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from deforestation and forest degradation. REDD was originally proposed in 2005 to the 11th Conference of Parties (COP-11) by the governments of Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica through the Coalition of Rainforest Nations to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). This was in response to the exponential increase of deforestation worldwide and the lack of coverage by the Kyoto Protocol policy that excluded deforestation and degradation.